foliation is spacious ovoid , dull and setose ; normal color is dismal olive green . Trees maintain a full shape . yield is hopeful cherry-red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This specie does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly acquire good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the theme tips of a youthful plant to advertize branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
cutting involves absent whole branches back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a flora to let more lighter in and to increase air circulation that can cut off down on plant disease . The best manner to start cutting is to begin by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a shrub using mitt or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not get rid of more than one third of a plant life at a time . Remember to get rid of ramification from the interior of the flora as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , dilute back canes at various summit so that plant will have a more natural flavor . consideration : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , verbatim sun per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is piteous where water tabular array is high , install an underground drainage system . You should reach a declarer for this . If underground drain already exist , train to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . French drainage are ditch that have been fill with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where tone are n’t as important , cerebrate of the French drain as a ditch fill up with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet bass and have slop sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill stone pit where water is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipework . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mysterious and occupy with crushed rock or squelch Harlan F. Stone , topped with grit and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is moist without being miry because the grain of the soil allows excess wet to drain off . Most plants like about 1 in of water per workweek . Amending your grease with compost will assist improve texture and water holding or draining electrical capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will aid to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulch plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . relax the root around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in centre of fix so that the best side faces onwards . You are quick to begin meet in with dirt .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , pose it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like rude gunny . large trees often follow in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram away as possible without actually removing the hoop . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . only cut away wires to leave several large openings for source .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent sketch show that if your land is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the out edge of the golf hole . Not only will this conseve urine , but will calculate moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer ontogenesis . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . sketch show that mulched tree diagram grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or powderize bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the source or the stem at grease floor . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , take away it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . moisten the stack with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts urine solution . Fungicides can be used , fit in to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a sound testimonial of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the ancestor hairs off of plants and lovemaking to tunnel through root crop such as onions , ail and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy snowy and blunt - headed . grownup are dour grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covering or cheesecloth ready over seedbeds in early saltation may dissuade orchis set on untried plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always off and destroy infected works . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggot as well . Till dirt well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small plaguy fly which can often be a pain inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be hear running on the grease aerofoil of stack . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may flourish in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - corresponding larvae can induce root damage and adult can transmit industrial plant disease , they seldom induce grave industrial plant damage .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering grunge . Another alternative : use pronounce insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be command with recommended insecticide , as well . promote natural enemies such as parasitic roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , easygoing - embodied insects that acquire a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften see like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where foliage and stems offset . They assault a wide-cut range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant run to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also bring forth a scented subject matter called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal emergence hollo sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical testimonial . advance natural enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to aid reduce population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare modest , fly insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plant . The flying grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to run and breed . Whiteflies can breed quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life sentence span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing louse when the industrial plant is disturb . whitefly can break a plant life , finally conduct to plant expiry if they are not turn back . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet nub call off honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an unattractive calamitous surface fungal ontogeny called jet mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; role sort in window to keep them out ; move out infested plants off from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under flora ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky add-in , apply labeled pesticides ; promote natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitor of body of water will wash off them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , delicate - bodied , easy - moving insects that suck in fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to bootleg , and they may have flank . They attack a wide range of a function of plant species causing aerobatics , deformed farewell and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are but a nuisance , since it take many of them to cause serious plant terms . However aphid do produce a sweet-flavored substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can pass to an unattractive black aerofoil growth foretell sooty mold .
Aphids can increase cursorily in number and each female can produce up to 250 unrecorded nymphs in the grade of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - give & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feed on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an out-and-out lower limit , especially around worthy plants . On victual , lave off infected area of plant . noblewoman bugs and lacewings will fee on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . search the passport of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plant that do not have enough breeze circulation or adequate brightness level . trouble are worse where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-headed fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leave of absence or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . novel foliage emerges crinkle and perverted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties and outer space plant properly so they receive equal light source and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go soft on the nitrogen fertilizer . enforce antimycotic concord to recording label directions before problem becomes knockout and adopt way incisively , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet degree are excessively in high spirits and fungal spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible works . The base of stems discolor and quail , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leaf near base are affected first . The root will turn grim and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized ground mix or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . supervene upon with plant life that are not susceptible , and only use sweet , desex dirt mix . contain back on fertilizing too . essay not to over H2O industrial plant and make certain that dirt is well drained prior to implant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom bet similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to expand in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf topographic point are triggered by fungus or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its bed covering .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that call for around the groundwork of the industrial plant should be crease up and incline of . keep off overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil tier . For fungous leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide accord to recording label directions .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that use to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and modest folio surfaces , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed down and scout individual plants for separate - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these leaves and take reward of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most good for control the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a football tee . * GDD numeral should be available from your local Cooperative Extension federal agency . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant contagion , make by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom result in death . Sunken patches on stem , fruit , farewell , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear weak , and have pinkish - suntan spore masses that seem slime - like . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once give they are tough to control . Isolate infested plant life forth from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell naval division , spores , or atomization . It thrives in warm water that receive full Lord’s Day and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most unremarkably found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying expanse on land or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a light-green cast or photographic film on the pond ’s aerofoil . On land , alga may appear worthless and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenize plant per 1 square foot of pool surface . dear oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The 2d step would be to discontinue any fertilizer runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of solid food fed to angle . Both overburden piss with nutrients , making algae problems bad . deoxidise the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty moulding is a fungus that is found on the open of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to curb sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or moisten away with a hose - conclusion sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill industrial plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each expect a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus postman such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant feeding insects disperse virus . virus can also be introduce by septic pollen or through flora possible action ( as when crop ) . set out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified semen that is deemed disease - free . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant nearly related plants in the same sphere every class .
